一、引言“长大货物运输”这一术语起源于公路运输。公路交通规则规定,凡汽车在载货后,其尺寸、轴重或总重超过一般允许限度时,则将这种运输称之为“长大货物运输”。铁路运输规章中,只使用“特种货物运输”这一说法。所谓“特种货物”指的是一般铁路部门在装卸和运输方面有困难的货物。最常见的“特种货物运输”是超出装载限界的货运(简称Lü)。在西德联邦铁路所规定的限界内,使用铁路长大货物车进行的货物运输均称“长大 I. INTRODUCTION The term “long-distance freight transport” originates from road transport. Road traffic rules require that where the size, axle load or total weight of a car exceeds the general allowable limits after being carried, the car will be referred to as “long-haul cargo transport.” In the railway transport regulations, only the term “special cargo transport” is used. The so-called “special cargo” refers to goods that the general railway sector has difficulty handling and transporting. The most common “special cargo transport” is shipping beyond the loading limit (Lü). Within the limits prescribed by the Federal Railroad of Germany, the carriage of goods by means of railroad-bound goods vehicles is said to "grow up