蓝细菌是一类进化历史悠久、能光合固碳产氧的原核生物。它们的环境适应能力极强,在海洋、淡水及土壤等自然环境中分布广泛。另外,在地球两极、冰川、沙漠等极端环境中也有发现,并有“先锋生物”之称[1]。蓝细菌是全球海洋初级生产的重要贡献者[2-3],在贫瘠土壤中可改良土壤结构,提高土壤保肥保水能力。因此,蓝细菌多样性及其生态分布的研究对理解它们在生物地球化学循环中的贡献及其适应 Cyanobacteria are a type of prokaryotes with a long history of evolution and photosynthetic carbon fixation. Their environment is extremely resilient and widely distributed in natural environments such as the ocean, freshwater and soils. In addition, in the extreme environment of the Earth’s poles, glaciers, deserts are also found, and “Pioneer” [1]. Cyanobacteria are important contributors to the global marine primary production [2-3], which can improve soil structure and improve soil fertility and water retention capacity in poor soil. Therefore, the study of cyanobacterial diversity and its ecological distribution is important for understanding their contribution to biogeochemical cycles and their adaptation