近几年来,我国杂交水稻试验成功并大面积推广,这是水稻生产上的一项重大革新.继“三系” (不育系、保持系、恢复系) 杂交水稻之后,安徽省芜湖地区农科所又进行了“两系” (不育系、恢复系) 杂交水稻试验,并获得可喜成果. “两系”杂交水稻“鉴59”F1表现明显的杂交优势,单产达千斤以上,既可作早稻又可作双晚栽培,且制种较“三系”简便,是水稻杂交优势利用的又一创举. 杂交水稻增产的基本原因是穗大粒多,每穗实粒数可达100粒以上,但其空秕率却达30～40%,显著高于一般水稻,这既是水稻杂种优势利用的一个突出问题,也是杂交水稻增产潜力所在. 杂交水稻造成空秕粒的原因,是一个 In recent years, China’s hybrid rice has been successfully tested and widely popularized, which is a major innovation in rice production. Following the hybrid rice “Three lines” (CMS, maintainer and restorer lines), Anhui Wuhu The Regional Agricultural Science Institute conducted a hybrid rice experiment of “two lines ” (male sterile line, restorer line) and obtained gratifying results. “Two lines ” hybrid rice “Kam 59 ” F1 showed obvious advantages in hybridization , Yield of more than a thousand catties, both for early rice can also be used for double cultivation, and the seed production more “three lines ” is simple and convenient, it is another advantage of hybrid rice utilization .Complement rice yield is the main reason for spike large grain, The number of grains per panicle can reach more than 100, but the empty rate is 30-40%, which is significantly higher than that of normal rice, which is not only a prominent problem of rice heterosis utilization but also the yield potential of hybrid rice. The reason for empty tablets is one