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目的了解膨胀型肝癌（ＥＨＣＣ）的超微结构与其生物学特性的关系．方法用透射电镜对ＥＨＣＣ和ＩＨＣＣ（浸润性肝癌）各２０例对比观察．结果全部４０例肝癌分为３组：分化较成熟型ＥＨＣＣ（１６例），分化未成熟型ＥＨＣＣ（４例），分化未成熟型ＩＨＣＣ（２０例）．分化较成熟型ＥＨＣＣ的超微形态和癌周肝组织相似，其特点为：癌细胞质膜发育较好；核规则圆形、核膜平滑；核仁圆形实心唯体积肥大；细胞器丰富、发育较好．而分化未成熟型ＥＨＣＣ和ＩＨＣＣ的超微形态，与癌周肝组织差异显著，其特点为：癌细胞质膜发育不良；核形不规则，畸形核显著，核膜不平滑，假包含体众多；核仁巨大畸形；细胞器大多肿胀变性．结论ＥＨＣＣ的大多数（８０％）为分化较成熟型，少数为分化未成熟型．癌细胞分化较好，可能是该型生长缓慢并呈膨胀型生长的原因之一．但该型具有较强的潜在侵袭性和向浸润型转化的倾向．
Objective To understand the relationship between the ultrastructure of intumescent liver cancer (EHCC) and its biological characteristics. Methods Transmission electron microscope was used to compare 20 cases of EHCC and IHCC (invasive liver cancer). Results All 40 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma were divided into 3 groups: mature and differentiated EHCC (16 cases), differentiated immature EHCC (4 cases) and differentiated immature IHCC (20 cases). The ultra-differentiated form of mature EHCC is similar to that of the liver tissue surrounding the cancer. It is characterized by: better development of the plasma membrane of the cancer cells; rounder nucleus and smoother nuclear membrane; dense round nucleus with only volume; hypertrophy and development of organelles it is good. The ultrastructure of differentiated immature EHCC and IHCC was significantly different from that in the surrounding hepatic tissue. It was characterized by poor development of the plasma membrane of the cancer cells, irregular karyotype, prominent nuclei of the malformation, uneven nuclear membrane, and many false inclusions. Nucleus giant deformity; organelles mostly swollen degeneration. Conclusion The majority of EHCC (80%) are more differentiated and mature, and a few are immature. The better differentiation of cancer cells may be one of the reasons for this type of slow growth and expansive growth. However, this type has strong potential invasiveness and tendency to infiltrate.