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一 何为中国风格、日本主义 翻开权威的《不列颠百科全书》,居然分别设有题为“中国风格”、“日本主义”的条目。它这样写道: 中国风格(Chinoiserie)指17和18世纪西方室内设计、家具、陶器、纺织品和园林设计风格。在17世纪最初的一二十年里,英国、意大利等国的工匠开始自由仿效从中国进口的橱柜、瓷器和刺绣品的装饰式样。最早出现的具有中国风格的室内设计见诸路易·勒佛于1670～1671年在凡尔赛为路易十四用瓷砖砌成的托利安宫。这种中国风格的狂热迅速蔓延,在德国,没有哪一个宫院建成时没有中国风格的房间。中国风格大多与巴罗克式和洛可可式融合在一起,其特点是:大面积的贴金和髹漆,爱用蓝白色对比,不对称,不用传统的透视画法,采用东方图案和花纹。对这种风靡一时的风尚的向往,导致欧洲在园林设计方面采用中国艺术风格。曾到过中国的威廉·钱伯斯爵士的著作《中国建筑设计……》(1757)在欧洲大陆产生了较大的影响。19世纪中国风格渐渐消失,这时中国和东亚的吸引力遇到其他外来风格——例如土耳其风格、埃及风格、哥特风格和希腊风格的竞争。20世纪30年代,在室内装饰方面曾再次流行。
What is the “Encyclopedia Britannica” with Chinese style and Japanese authority to turn over its authority? Items actually entitled “Chinese Style” and “Japanese Doctrine” were actually provided. It reads: Chinoiserie refers to Western interior design, furniture, pottery, textiles, and landscape designs of the 17th and 18th centuries. In the first decade or two of the 17th century, craftsmen in Britain, Italy and other countries began to freely follow the decorative designs of cabinets, porcelain and embroidery imported from China. The earliest interior design with Chinese style was seen at the Tory Palace, built by Louis Lever in 1670-1671, at Louis XIV in Versailles. This Chinese style of fanaticism spread rapidly. In Germany, no palace was built without a Chinese-style room. Most of the Chinese style and baroque and Rococo fusion together, which is characterized by: a large area of gold and paint, love blue and white contrast, asymmetry, without the traditional perspective painting, the use of oriental patterns and patterns . The longing for this all the rage of fashion has led to the adoption of Chinese art in Europe in landscape design. The book “China Architecture Design ...” (1757), which was made by Sir William Chambers who had been to China, had a greater impact on the European continent. The Chinese style of the 19th century faded away when the attractiveness of China and East Asia came across other foreign styles - such as Turkish, Egyptian, Gothic and Greek. In the 1930s, interior decoration was once again popular.