With the development and evolution of percutaneous lumbar endoscopic techniques in recent 2 decades, more and more lumbar spine disorders can be solved with minimally invasive spine surgery. Compared with open surgery, percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy ( PELD ) has advantages of less trauma, little impact on the stability of spine and rapid recovery. PELD can be divided into 2 types according to different approaches, percutaneous endoscopic interlaminar discectomy ( PEID ) and percutaneous endoscopic transforaminal discectomy ( PETD ). As an important part of PELD, PEID is especially suitable for L5/S1 lumbar disc herniation in spite of migrated hemiated fragment, small intervertebral foramen and high iliac crest. The paper summaries advantages and disadvantages, indications, operative techniques, clinical effects, complications and preventive measures of PEID.