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目的了解近两年来芜湖地区流行性感冒病毒型别和流行特点,为制定预防控制决策提供依据和参考。方法按照《全国流感监测方案》(2010版),对2014~2015年芜湖市辖区内1家哨点医院和各个县(区)医疗机构送检的流感样病例标本采用实时荧光PCR(Real-time RT-PCR)进行流感病毒的核酸定性检测,通过全国流感监测网络收集芜湖市的流感病原监测资料,并对数据进行分析。结果 2014年阳性率为26.4%,2015年阳性率为16.8%。每年冬春季主要是By型流行,夏季主要都是季H3型流行。2014年主要为By型(38.6%)、季H3型(35.4%)、甲型H1(26.0%)。2015年主要为By型(54.0%)、季H3型(46.0%)。不同来源的标本阳性率有明显的不同,暴发疫情阳性率较高,为57.3%,不明原因肺炎最高为70.0%,哨点医院监测样本阳性率最低为21.0%。5~15岁的少年儿童阳性率为29.6%,15~45岁的青壮年阳性率为18.4%,45岁以上的中老年人阳性率为29.4%。4例人感染H7N9禽流感年龄大于55岁,且均以不明原因肺炎的病例中检出。结论芜湖市2014~2015年主要的流感优势株呈现冬夏交替的两个流行高峰,冬春季多为乙型流感(Yamagata),夏季多为甲型流感(季H3),少年儿童和中老年人是防控的重点人群,对55岁以上的不明原因肺炎病人应高度关注H7N9禽流感病毒的感染。
Objective To understand the types and epidemic characteristics of influenza virus in Wuhu in the recent two years and provide the basis and references for making decision on prevention and control. Methods According to the “National Influenza Surveillance Program” (2010 version), real-time fluorescence PCR (real-time PCR) was used to detect influenza-like cases in one sentinel hospital and various county (district) medical institutions in Wuhu City from 2014 to 2015, RT-PCR) to detect the nucleic acid of influenza virus. The flu surveillance data of Wuhu City was collected through the National Influenza Surveillance Network, and the data were analyzed. Results The positive rate was 26.4% in 2014 and the positive rate in 2015 was 16.8%. Spring and winter each year is mainly By-type popular summer quarter H3-type epidemic. By 2014 mainly By type (38.6%), season H3 (35.4%), H1 (26.0%). By 2015, the main types were By (54.0%) and Season H3 (46.0%). The positive rates of the samples from different sources were significantly different. The positive rate of outbreaks was 57.3%, the highest was 70.0% for unexplained pneumonia and the lowest was 21.0% for sentinel hospitals. The positive rate of children aged 5-15 years was 29.6%, that of young adults aged 15-45 years was 18.4%, and that of middle-aged people over 45 years old was 29.4%. Four cases of H7N9 bird flu were older than 55 years of age and were all detected in cases of unexplained pneumonia. Conclusion The major influenza strains in 2014-2015 in Wuhu City showed two epidemic peaks alternating from winter to spring. Most of them were Yamagata in winter and spring, and were mostly influenza A (season H3) in summer. Children and middle-aged and elderly were Prevention and control of key populations, 55 years of age unexplained pneumonia patients should pay close attention to H7N9 bird flu virus infection.