一十八世纪在人类历史上是既特殊而又重要的时代。从整个人类文明史着眼,十八世纪是迄今为止人类所经历的第三次伟大的革命性变革,即从农业文明到工业文明的现代化进程中最关键的一百年。在这一百年间,从地球的一端到另一端,正在发生或正在酝酿着空前的急剧变革。在西方,以英国的工业革命为先导,在机器的轰鸣声中,新兴资产阶级正以摧枯拉 The eighteenth century was a special and important era in human history. From the perspective of the entire history of human civilization, the eighteenth century is the third great revolutionary change humankind has experienced so far, that is, the most crucial one hundred years from the agricultural civilization to the modernization of industrial civilization. During this hundred years, unprecedented changes have taken place or are being brewed from one end of the earth to the other. In the West, led by the industrial revolution in Britain, the roaring roar of the machinery was the new bourgeoisie