一罗曼·雅各布森在1928年的时候,批评俄罗斯文学研究的理论基础很不可靠,弥漫着心理主义的气氛,充斥着一些私下贩卖来的新术语伪装起来的破烂货①。这一批评对当前中国文学研究,尤其是诗歌研究,也是适当的。他极力主张文学和语言研究的结合,文学的历史即语言的历史,语言和文学属于同一个系统里的事物。那时,西方哲学人文科学领域的语言学转向远未形成 A Roman Jakobson in 1928 criticized the theoretical foundations of Russian literary studies as unreliable, filled with a psychologically ambivalent, pretending to be spoofed by new terms sold in private. This criticism is also appropriate for the current study of Chinese literature, especially poetry. He strongly advocates the combination of literature and language studies, and the history of literature, the history of language, language and literature belong to the same system. At that time, the linguistic turn in the western philosophical humanities fields was far from being formed