The special properties of rare earth/polymer composite were described. More emphasis was put on the radiation shielding and magnetic properties. In the application to X-ray shielding, rare earth/polymer composite can make up the feeble absorbing area. If the rare earth content is high enough, it can demonstrate strong ability for thermal neutron absorption; The composite has strong paramagnetism. The feasibility of preparing magnetic rare earth/polymer composite was discussed. In addition, three preparation methods were introduced: simple polymerization, mixing and reaction processing. The effect of the rare earth/polymer composites pre-sturcture and the coordinate number of rare earth ions on the light property was analyzed. Rare earth/polymer composite may have the structure and property simlar to those of the ionomer. The feasibility of the in-situ preparation of the rare earth/polymer nano structure is indicated. Besides, the relationship between structure and properties of the rare earth/polymer composite was discussed. The problems associated with such composite materials were also presented. The special properties of rare earth / polymer composite were described. More emphasis was put on the radiation shielding and magnetic properties. In the application to X-ray shielding, rare earth / polymer composite can make up the feeble absorbing area. content is high enough, it can demonstrate strong ability for thermal neutron absorption; The feasibility of preparing magnetic rare earth / polymer composite was introduced. The effect of the rare earth / polymer composites pre-sturcture and the coordinate number of rare earth ions on the light property was analyzed. R feasibility earth / polymer composite may have the structure and property simlar to those of the ionomer. in-situ preparation of the rare earth / polymer nano structure is indicated. Besides, the relationship between structure and properties of the rar e earth / polymer composite was discussed. The problems associated with such composite materials were also presented.