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本文考察了“另类现代性”概念,它是指各国和各种政治行为体在全球化的压力下努力捍卫对知识和技能的地方控制权。以后种族隔离时代的南非为个案,文章选取了某些社会和经济政策加以分析,重点关注这些政策如何建构地方性知识和全球性知识的涵义以及两者的相互关系。后种族隔离时代的南非强调要致力于顺应全球社会和经济趋势,其政策的突出特点是重视发展、现代化和经济增长等传统目标。同时,它试图将这些目标置于国内社会和政治转型的背景之下,以便于改变现存的权力关系。至于执政党南非非洲人国民大会,它采取了一种有所不同的发展观,更加强调地方性知识和非洲知识的理念。这一理念更多地涉及谁控制和利用知识,而非知识的内容与起源。决定何种知识有用以及如何利用知识的权力是核心关注点。至于这类知识多大程度上是起源于地方的或非洲的知识,则是次要的关注点。这种发展思路,阻碍了它提供一种取代主流发展范式的真正可行的新范式。
This article examines the notion of “alternative modernity,” which refers to the efforts of nations and political actors to defend local control over knowledge and skills under the pressure of globalization. In the post-apartheid South Africa, this paper selects some social and economic policies to analyze, and focuses on how these policies construct the meaning of local knowledge and global knowledge as well as their mutual relations. South Africa in the post-apartheid era emphasized its commitment to conforming to global social and economic trends. The salient feature of its policy is the emphasis on traditional goals of development, modernization and economic growth. At the same time, it seeks to put these goals in the context of domestic social and political transformation in order to change the existing power relations. As for the governing party, the African National Assembly in South Africa, it adopted a somewhat different concept of development and placed greater emphasis on the concepts of local knowledge and African knowledge. This concept involves more about who controls and uses knowledge, not the content and origins of knowledge. The power to decide what kind of knowledge is useful and how to use it is a core concern. To what extent such knowledge is derived from local or African knowledge is a secondary concern. This development has prevented it from providing a truly viable new paradigm to replace the mainstream paradigm.