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乌托邦问题至今仍是一个热点话题。作为文学、哲学、历史文献和公共实践的一部分,这个问题从未停止对当代思想的激发。论文以巴西里约热内卢城市贫民区的居民区为个案,以拉丁美洲的哲学家艾利克·杜塞尔《解放的哲学》中的解放哲学思想作为理论参照,分析它们作为乌托邦共同体的当代形式,以及它们在何种意义上可以被理解为乌托邦。同时还涉及到贫民区的一些艺术项目,包括小说和电影《上帝之城》的现场制作,以及米格尔·莱欧·布兰科在贫民区拍摄的照片。透过这些项目及其所反映的贫民区的实际生活经验,我们不难看出,贫民区代表的是一种生活方式和一种思想状态,它为理想的生活方式提供了可能性,从而成就了乌托邦。分析最后还得出:建造乌托邦共同体的必要条件在于人类的技能和能力,其中包括信任、团结和互惠。在不断造成冲突的恶劣环境中,这些品质,通过对日常生活中各种需求的解决而得到增强,在贫民区的人们身上获得张力。
Utopia is still a hot issue to date. As part of literature, philosophy, historical literature and public practice, this issue has never ceased motivating contemporary thought. The essay takes the residential area of urban slums in Rio de Janeiro of Brazil as a case and takes the emancipation philosophy in Eliot Düssel’s philosophy of liberation of Latin American as a theoretical reference to analyze their contemporary forms as utopian communities and their In what sense can be understood as utopia. It also covers a number of art projects in slum areas, including live production of the novel and the movie City of God, as well as photographs of Miguel Laiou Blanco filthy slum. Through these projects and the actual life experiences of the slums they reflect, we can easily see that the slums represent a way of life and a state of mind that provide the possibility of an ideal way of life and thus achieve Utopia. The analysis concluded that the necessary conditions for building a Utopian community lay in human skills and abilities, including trust, solidarity and reciprocity. In the harsh environment of constant conflict, these qualities have been strengthened by the solution of the various needs in daily life, and have gained tension among the people in the slums.