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目的:了解温州市城区儿童支气管哮喘的患病率、发病危险因素、诱发因素及诊疗情况,为儿童哮喘的防治提供依据。方法:采用统一方案、调查步骤和问卷,进行随机、整群抽样调查。结果:2010年温州市区儿童哮喘患病率为3.3%,男女比例1.3:1,现患率2.7%。哮喘的首发年龄27(13~43)月,首次诊断年龄30(18~48)月,3~6岁年龄组患病率最高为5.5%。儿童哮喘在秋冬季好发(占28%),好发时间以清晨为主(占48%)。哮喘发作的常见诱因为呼吸道感染(占87.5%),常见前兆是流涕(占64.8%)、喷嚏(占59.6%)、鼻塞(占43.9%),常见症状为咳嗽(占95.6%)、喘鸣(占69.2%)。抗生素在哮喘治疗中的使用率为49.8%,吸入激素为53.6%,白三烯受体拮抗剂为45.2%。一级亲属、二级亲属的哮喘史、患者的过敏性鼻炎及湿疹史是哮喘发病的独立风险因素。结论:温州城区儿童患病率较前有明显升高,大部分在3岁之前发病。上呼吸道感染是哮喘发作的常见诱因,过敏性鼻炎、湿疹及哮喘家族史是哮喘发病的最主要风险因素。
Objective: To understand the prevalence rate, risk factors, predisposing factors and diagnosis and treatment of bronchial asthma in children in Wenzhou City, and to provide the basis for the prevention and treatment of asthma in children. Methods: Using a unified program, investigation steps and questionnaires, randomized, cluster sampling survey. Results: In 2010, the prevalence rate of asthma in children in Wenzhou was 3.3%, the male-female ratio was 1.3: 1, and the prevalence was 2.7%. The starting age of asthma was 27 (13 ~ 43) months, the first diagnosis of age 30 (18 ~ 48) months, 3-6 year-old age group the highest prevalence was 5.5%. Childhood asthma predilection in autumn and winter (28%), good time to early morning (48%). Common causes of asthma attacks are respiratory infections (87.5%), common precursors are runny nose (64.8%), sneeze (59.6%), nasal obstruction (43.9%), and common symptoms are cough (95.6%), wheezing Ming (69.2%). The use of antibiotics in asthma treatment was 49.8%, inhaled hormone 53.6%, leukotriene receptor antagonist 45.2%. First-degree relatives, second-degree relatives of asthma history, patients with allergic rhinitis and eczema history is an independent risk factor for asthma. Conclusion: The prevalence of children in Wenzhou City was significantly higher than before, most of them were before the age of 3. Upper respiratory tract infections are common causes of asthma attacks. Allergic rhinitis, eczema, and family history of asthma are the most common risk factors for asthma.