工业革命以来,人类已经经历了两次大的能源转型。第一次是从薪柴转向煤炭,第二次是从煤炭转型石油。这两次能源转型有两个显著的共同特征。首先是技术进步的推动,蒸汽机的发明开启了能源的煤炭时代;现代石油工业、内燃机和现代汽车工业是石油成为了工业的血液,能源进入了石油时代。 Since the Industrial Revolution, mankind has undergone two major energy transformations. The first is from fuelwood to coal, and the second is from coal to oil. There are two notable common features between these two energy transitions. The first is the promotion of technological progress, the invention of the steam engine opened the coal era of energy; the modern petroleum industry, the internal combustion engine and the modern automobile industry are the bloods of oil becoming an industry, and energy has entered the petroleum era.