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目的了解上海市城区学龄前儿童屈光不正的患病率,分析学龄前儿童屈光不正的影响因素,以采取相应措施,促进其视力健康发育。方法选取2016年2-7月上海市城区在园学龄前儿童,采取整群随机抽样的方法抽取3家托幼机构的641名学龄前儿童作为研究对象。采用SureSight视力筛查仪进行屈光筛查,并对儿童日常生活状况进行问卷调查,对各种屈光不正可能影响因素进行统计分析。结果本次研究共发放调查表641份,收回有效问卷604份。发现异常人数63名,异常率为10.4%。3~、4~、5~、6~<7岁四个年龄组的异常率分别为7.5%、8.9%、11.6%、12.5%。屈光不正单因素分析学龄前儿童屈光不正患病率与孕期保胎治疗、新生儿异常情况、母亲学历、膳食因素、每日户外运动时间、每日总睡眠时间等因素有关(P<0.05),将以上影响因素均纳入两分类Logistic回归模型,结果显示,母孕期无保胎治疗、儿童每天户外活动时间≥1h及儿童每天总睡眠时间≥8h是儿童屈光不正的保护因素。结论上海市区学龄前儿童的屈光不正情况受到多种因素包括不良生活习惯的影响,应引起社会重视,并采取有效干预措施保护儿童视力发育。
Objective To understand the prevalence of refractive errors in preschool children in Shanghai and to analyze the influencing factors of preschool children’s refractive errors in order to take corresponding measures to promote the healthy development of visual acuity. Methods A total of 641 pre-school children from 3 nurseries were selected from a sample of preschoolers in Shanghai Park in Shanghai from February to July in 2016 as study subjects. Refractometry was performed with the SureSight Vision Screening System and a questionnaire survey was conducted on the daily living conditions of children to conduct statistical analysis on various possible causes of refractive error. Results A total of 641 questionnaires were distributed in this study and 604 valid questionnaires were returned. The number of abnormalities was 63, with an abnormal rate of 10.4%. The abnormal rates in the three age groups of 3 ~, 4 ~, 5 ~, 6 ~ <7 years old were 7.5%, 8.9%, 11.6% and 12.5% respectively. Univariate analysis showed that the prevalence of refractive errors in pre-school children was related to pregnancy-specific miscarriage treatment, neonatal abnormalities, maternal education, dietary factors, daily outdoor exercise time and daily total sleep time (P <0.05 ), The above factors were included in the two-class Logistic regression model, the results show that the mother during pregnancy without pregnancy, children’s daily outdoor activities for more than 1h and children’s total sleep time ≥ 8h is a protection factor for refractive errors in children. Conclusion The refractive errors of preschool children in Shanghai are affected by many factors, including bad habits, which should pay more attention to the society and take effective interventions to protect their eyesight.