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基于不同应变率加载条件下不同密度闭孔泡沫铝能量吸收曲线,进行轨道车辆碰撞吸能用泡沫铝材料优选设计,实现了泡沫铝的高效选择。提出轨道车辆碰撞吸能用泡沫铝逆向设计流程与优选方法,通过初选碰撞场景,确定泡沫铝专用吸能元件设计总体需求,构建其标准化应力与单位体积标准化吸能量之间的映射关系,预选厚度,正向计算碰撞条件下的应变率及对应的能量吸收能力,并进行需求比对,循环迭代,直至收敛于最优密度及厚度。最后,通过动车组头车耐撞性吸能元件设计实例,验证了泡沫铝密度与厚度优选的高效性,所提方法可大大提高轨道车辆碰撞吸能用泡沫铝的选材效率。
Based on the energy absorption curves of closed-cell aluminum foams with different densities under different strain rate loadings, the optimal design of foamed aluminum for collision energy absorption of rail vehicles was achieved, which enabled the efficient selection of foamed aluminum. The reverse design flow and the preferred method of foam aluminum for collision energy absorption of rail vehicles are proposed. Through the primary collision scene, the overall design requirements of foam aluminum special energy-absorbing elements are determined, and the mapping relationship between the normalized stress and the normalized energy per unit volume is established. Thickness, forward calculation of the strain rate under collision and the corresponding energy absorption capacity, and the demand comparison, loop iteration, until the convergence of the optimal density and thickness. Finally, the design example of crashworthiness absorbing elements of the first car of the EMU is validated to optimize the efficiency and efficiency of the foam aluminum density and thickness, and the proposed method can greatly improve the material selection efficiency of the aluminum foam used for the collision energy absorption of the rail vehicle.