Objective:The aim of the study was to investigate the efficacy of three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT) combined with Temozolomide (TMZ) concurrent chemotherapy in treatment of postoperative cerebral gliomas by prospective randomized controlled trials.Methods:Sixty-two patients with cerebral glioma who had residual tumor were divided into 3D-CRT group (radiotherapy group,n=31) and 3D-CRT with concurrent chemotherapy group (chemoradiotherapy group,n=31) prospectively.All patients received a dose of 50-60 Gy/25-30 F/5-6 weeks by 6 MV-X ray,three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy,1 f/d,5 times a week.Chemotherapy regimen was Temozolomide:75 mg/m2/d,concomitantly with radiotherapy,followed by 150-200 mg/m2/d,5 days,28 days per cycle,totally 3-6 cycles.Results:The total response rate was 35.3% (11/31) in radiotherapy group.The response rate was 61.3% (19/31) in chemoradiotherapy group.There was significant difference in curative effect (P=0.042).There was no significant difference in survival comparison of two groups (P=0.263).Stratified analysis showed the patients with grade Ⅲ gliomas of chemoradiotherapy group had better prognosis than ones of radiotherapy group (P=0.043).Conclusion:The 3D-CRT with concurrent chemotherapy can improve the survival of cerebral gliomas with pathological grade Ⅲ.