马克思主义自诞生以来的一百多年的历史,以其对社会实践的巨大指导作用,证明着它的真理性。然而,世界历史的具体进程又并不完全符合马克思主义创始人的预言,西方先进的资本主义国家的无产阶级革命至今尚未发生,苏联、中国以及东欧国家革命胜利后的发展出现种种曲折,马克思主义面临着它的创始人不可能经验过的新的历史情况,引起人们对马克思主义的反思和重新审视。所谓西方马克思主义,就是在这样的历史背景下产生的。它虽然也举着马克思主义的旗帜,但对一些马克思主义的基本理论提出置疑,并企图用西方现代哲学、心理学、社会学理论来丰富和改造马克思主义。法兰克福学派就是一个这样的很有影响的理论派别。赫·马尔库塞则是这一学派的重要的代 One hundred years of history of Marxism since its birth have proved its truth by its tremendous guiding role in social practice. However, the concrete course of world history does not completely meet the prophecies of the founders of Marxism. The proletarian revolution in the advanced western capitalist countries has not yet occurred so far. The development of the Soviet Union, China and the Eastern European countries after the victory of the revolution showed twists and turns. Marxism Facing the new historical situation that its founders could not have experienced and arousing people’s reflection and reexamination of Marxism. The so-called Western Marxism was born under this historical background. Although it also holds the banner of Marxism, it challenges some basic Marxist theories and attempts to enrich and reform Marxism with Western modern philosophy, psychology and sociological theory. The Frankfurt School is one such influential theoretical school. Herculese is an important generation of this school