文化是一个复杂的概念。美国芝加哥大学人类学家芮斐德在《乡民社会与文化》一书中曾提出文化的大传统与文化的小传统这一对概念,“所谓大传统是指一个社会里上层的士绅、知识分子所代表的文化,这多半是经思想家、宗教家反省深思所产生的精英文化;而相对的,小传统则是指一般社 Culture is a complex concept. The anthropologist Rui Fei De of the University of Chicago in the “rural society and culture” in a book had put forward the cultural tradition and cultural tradition of the small tradition, "the so-called grand tradition refers to the upper gentry in a society, knowledge The culture represented by the elements is mostly the elite culture produced by thinkers and religious scholars who reflect on their thoughts and pensions. The relative and small traditions refer to the general society