人们很少注意到,《资本论》及其手稿也是一部“市民社会的解剖学”。“资本内在否定性”是马克思进行社会研究的方法论,它通过特定的研究坐标、“前进—回溯”的研究路径和“中间层次”的演化分析,呈现市民社会内在发展的构成体系;它分别在宏观层面、中观层面和微观层面,以人的社会联系、物质生产方式和资本生产界限为解剖线索,展示出经济社会的一般形态、特殊形式和个别结构的变迁过程。这一社会解剖学,有助于理解经济社会形态的过渡性质,厘清东西方社会不同的生成路径和发展方向;对于明确社会主义市场经济的历史定位,反思西方“市场社会”和“福利社会”的经验教训,更好地指导小康社会全面建成有现实意义。 People rarely noticed that Capital and its manuscript are also an “anatomy of civil society.” “Inner Negative Capital ” is the methodology of Marx ’s social research. It presents the internal development of civil society through specific research coordinates, the research path of “forward-backtracking” and the evolution analysis of “intermediate level Constitute the system; it shows the general process of the economic and social changes, special forms and individual structures at the macroscopic level, mesoscopic level and micro level, with human social connections, material production methods and capital production boundaries as anatomic clues. This social anatomy helps to understand the transitional nature of economic and social formations and clarifies the different paths and directions for the formation of social undertakings in the East and the West. To clarify the historical positioning of the socialist market economy, we should reflect on the Western ”market society“ and ” Welfare society "Lessons learned, to better guide the well-off society fully completed has practical significance.