为探讨肺炎支原体肺炎诊断方法，采用ＩＨＡ（ＳＥＲＯＤＩＡＭＹＣＯⅡ试剂盒）和ＰＣＲ法检测５７例肺炎患儿肺炎支原体病原。结果表明，前者灵敏度、误诊率、阴性预测值较ＰＣＲ法高，而特异度、漏诊率、阳性预测值较ＰＣＲ法低。提示前者适合于发现病例，而ＰＣＲ法适合于证实或排除肺炎支原体肺炎两者的并联试验提高了灵敏度、阴性预测值，对病情较重的患儿应做并联试验，以明确诊断；串联试验提高特异度和阳性预测值，对病情较轻或家庭不富裕的患儿可做串联试验，以提高肺炎支原体肺炎的确诊率 To investigate the diagnosis of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia, IHA (SERODIAMYCOⅡ kit) and PCR were used to detect 57 cases of Mycoplasma pneumoniae in children with pneumonia. The results showed that the sensitivity, misdiagnosis rate and negative predictive value of the former were higher than those of the PCR method, while the specificity, misdiagnosis rate and positive predictive value were lower than those of the PCR method. Suggesting that the former is suitable for detecting cases, and PCR method is suitable for confirming or excluding mycoplasma pneumonia in both the parallel test to improve the sensitivity and negative predictive value for children with severe disease should be done in parallel test to confirm the diagnosis; tandem test increased Specificity and positive predictive value for patients with mild illness or family members can not do a series of tests to improve the diagnosis of pneumonia mycoplasma pneumonia