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现代肿瘤分子生物学的研究表明，恶性肿瘤的发生是由于调控生长的多种基因的变异逐渐演化而来的，其中了解较多的是癌基因的活化及抑癌基因的失活。与此同时，细胞生物学及免疫学的研究表明，恶性肿瘤细胞的表面发生了许多不同于其亲代正常细胞的变化，采用单克隆抗体可以鉴定
Studies of modern cancer molecular biology have shown that the development of malignant tumors is due to the gradual evolution of multiple genes that regulate growth. Among them, the most common ones are the activation of oncogenes and the inactivation of tumor suppressor genes. At the same time, studies in cell biology and immunology have shown that many changes in the surface of malignant cells from their parental normal cells can be identified using monoclonal antibodies.