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目的探讨纤维支气管镜(简称:纤支镜)检査在上腔静脉综合征(SVCS)病因诊断中的价值。方法回顾性分析19例SVCS患者纤支镜检査的结果。通过对镜下所见和活检、刷检阳性结果的分析评价纤支镜检査的作用。结果纤支镜检查镜下全部病例均有支气管黏膜肥厚、浸润。活检病理确诊肺癌14例,占镜下诊断的93.3%,其中小细胞未分化癌9例,占64.0%;刷检发现肿瘤细胞6例,诊断的阳性率为40.0%。4例非肺癌患者纤支镜所见管腔受压变形、狭窄,结合临床、影像表现考虑为纵膈淋巴结转移或纵膈肿物。结论 SVCS病因以肿瘤最为多见,纤支镜检査对该病诊断具有重要价值,为日后的有效治疗奠定基础。
Objective To investigate the value of bronchoscopy (bronchofibroscopy) in the diagnosis of superior vena cava syndrome (SVCS). Methods The results of bronchoscopy in 19 patients with SVCS were retrospectively analyzed. Through the microscopic findings and biopsy, brushing positive results of the analysis to evaluate the role of bronchoscopy. Results All patients under bronchoscopy had bronchial mucosa hypertrophy and infiltration. Biopsy pathological diagnosis of lung cancer in 14 cases, accounting for 93.3% of microscopic diagnosis, of which 9 cases of small cell undifferentiated carcinoma, accounting for 64.0%; brush examination found that 6 cases of tumor cells, the positive rate of diagnosis was 40.0%. 4 cases of non-lung cancer patients with bronchoscopy showed lumen compression deformation, stenosis, combined with clinical, imaging performance considered as mediastinal lymph node metastasis or mediastinal mass. Conclusion The most common cause of SVCS is tumor, and bronchofiberscopy is of great value in the diagnosis of the disease, which lays the foundation for effective treatment in the future.