在发达国家里,能源的1/3以上、电力的60%都消耗在取暖、制冷和照明上。为节省能源,这些国家正在研究开发各种各样的节能窗户。新近推出的吸热玻璃是一种可以吸收红外线,也就是热辐射线的玻璃,它既能吸热,又不挡住光线进入室内。为了克服这种玻璃在吸收热辐射之后温度升高而容易爆裂的缺点,往往将这种玻璃做成夹网玻璃或双层玻璃。低E玻璃窗是一种具有低辐射特性的窗户,自1983年在美国市场出现以来发展很快。低E玻璃窗是在两层玻璃之一的内表面上加一层低辐射薄膜涂层,涂层由多层金属或金属氧化物,或两者的混合物所组成。涂层一般仅有几百个原子的厚度,对可见光是透明的,但却不能通过波长较长的红外热辐射。室内的热辐射被窗户的里层所吸收并 In developed countries, more than one-third of energy and 60% of electricity are consumed in heating, cooling, and lighting. To save energy, these countries are researching and developing various energy-saving windows. The recently introduced heat-absorbing glass is a type of glass that can absorb infrared rays, that is, heat radiation, and it can absorb heat without blocking light from entering the room. In order to overcome the disadvantage that the glass is liable to burst when the temperature rises after absorbing the heat radiation, the glass is often made into a laminated glass or a double glass. The low E glass window is a kind of window with low radiation characteristics, and it has developed rapidly since its appearance in the US market in 1983. A low-E glass window is a layer of a low-emission thin film coating on the inner surface of one of the two layers of glass. The coating consists of multiple layers of metal or metal oxide, or a mixture of the two. The coating is generally only a few hundred atomic thickness and is transparent to visible light, but it cannot pass infrared heat radiation with longer wavelengths. The heat radiation in the room is absorbed by the inner layer of the window and