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鼻部变态反应主要累及粘膜系统,因此,鼻粘膜是免疫反应的靶组织。鼻与外界直接相通,抗原物质(细菌、病毒、大分子异物)可通过鼻粘膜屏障沉积干粘膜上皮细胞,通过入胞过程(endocytotic process)被吞入,激发淋巴细胞和浆细胞,引起细胞免疫和体液免疫效应。鼻粘膜的上皮组织、粘膜层、固有层和疏松结缔组织中均有淋巴细胞和浆细胞;在粘膜下层有肥大细胞。在致敏的情况下,IgE的Fc段与肥大细胞表面相结合。抗原-抗体反应导致肥大细胞脱颗粒,释放出组织胺等生物介质而引起临床症状。对灵长类进行的试验证明细胞内3,5-cAMP(腺苷酸环化酶)可抑制肥大细胞的脱颗
Nasal allergy mainly affects the mucosal system, therefore, the nasal mucosa is the target tissue for an immune response. Nasal communication with the outside world directly, antigenic substances (bacteria, viruses, large foreign bodies) can be deposited through the nasal mucosal barrier dry mucosal epithelial cells, by the endocytotic process is swallowed, stimulate lymphocytes and plasma cells, causing cellular immunity And humoral immune effects. Nasal mucosa epithelial tissue, mucosal layer, lamina propria and loose connective tissue in both lymphocytes and plasma cells; mast cells in the submucosa. In the case of priming, the Fc portion of IgE binds to the mast cell surface. Antigen - antibody reactions lead to degranulation of mast cells, release of histamine and other biological media and cause clinical symptoms. Experiments on primates demonstrate that intracellular 3,5-cAMP (adenylate cyclase) can inhibit mast cell degranulation