答:“照旧交粮纳税”和“着佃交粮”都是太平天国的土地政策。前者是国家允许地主向佃户收租,再由地主向国家完纳钱粮。后者是国家不通过地主而直接向佃户收取钱粮。“照旧交粮纳税”实际上是承认地主的存在,“着佃交粮”则是不承认地主的存在,太平天国同时实行这两种办法,表面上看起来是矛盾的,其实是互相补充的。在封建社会,自给自足的自耕农并不多,大部分农民没有土地,要佃地主的田来耕种,被称为“佃户”。佃户每年要把所收获的农产品拿出一大部分 A: “Paying taxes and levies as usual” and “paying taxes and paying bread” are the land policies of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. The former is the state allows the landlord to rent rent to the tenant, and then by the landlord to the state satisfied the money and food. The latter is that the state collects money and money directly from the tenant without going through the landlord. “Taxes on food and clothing as usual” actually recognize the existence of the landowners. “Paying the breadcrumbs and paying taxes” does not recognize the existence of landlords. The simultaneous implementation of these two methods by the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom seems ostensibly contradictory and in fact complements each other. In feudal society, there were not many self-sufficient self-cultivating farmers. Most of the peasants lacked land and cultivated land under the landowners’ land and were called “tenants.” Tenants take a large share of the harvested produce each year