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本研究考察了不同年龄阶段儿童道德概念垂直空间隐喻的认知发展。实验1采用图片迫选法,要求学前儿童将道德人物图片和不道德人物图片分别放到垂直空间的上方或下方;实验2采用词汇迫选法,要求学龄儿童将道德词和不道德词分别放到垂直空间的上方或下方。结果发现,儿童均倾向于把道德材料放到上方而把不道德材料放到下方;而且这种趋势随着年龄增长愈发明显。研究结果证明幼儿阶段已开始出现“道德是上,不道德是下”的空间隐喻,其发展规律为:4~5岁初步形成,7~9岁基本形成,11~13岁已接近成人水平。
This study examines the cognitive development of vertical spatial metaphors for children’s moral concepts at different ages. Experiment 1 adopts the image forced selection method, which requires preschoolers to put the moral images and the unscrupulous figures above or below the vertical space, respectively. Experiment 2 adopts the word forced selection method and requires school-age children to put the moral words and the unethical words separately To the vertical space above or below. The results showed that children tended to put moral materials above and unscrupulous materials below, and the trend became more pronounced with age. The result of the research proves that the infancy stage has begun to appear the spatial metaphor “the morality is the morality and the morality is the next ”, the development law is as follows: 4 ~ 5 years initial formation, 7 ~ 9 years basic formation, 11 ~ 13 years old approaching adult Level.