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黑龙江省农垦科学院水稻研究所的水稻原、良种因2003年以前没有烘干设备,主要采用人工收割、自然干燥的方式进行收获,贮藏库房为砖瓦结构库房。在此前提下对2002年和2003年水稻种子收获、加工、贮藏过程中,种子含水量、发芽率和温度进行了调查分析,结果表明:靠自然干燥水稻种子水分很难降至国标规定的14.5%,在贮藏条件为能够保证日平均-10℃以下的一般库房贮藏的前提下,水稻种子含水量在16.00%以下可以安全越冬;水稻种子含水量在16.01%～16.50%安全越冬保证率(出库时达到国标的样本个数占相应入贮样本个数的百分率)在85%～90%;水稻种子含水量在16.51%～17.00%安全越冬保证率在80%左右;水稻种子含水量在17.00%～17.50%安全越冬保证率仅在50%左右;水稻种子含水量在17.51%以上无法安全越冬。日平均-10℃是含水量在16.50%以下的水稻种子脱谷、加工等活动的界限温度。水稻种子在受冻后7d 发芽率略下降,在受冻后15d 发芽率明显下降。因此,水稻种子发芽率应在全年最低温度过后的15d 测试的结果才稳定。水稻种子生产过程中,为确保种子质量,要认真进行田间检验确保纯度,收获上尽可能采用机械直收加机械烘干的方式。如无烘干设备,采用人工收割自然干燥的方式,坚持霜前收割,在干燥中应注意水分变化,收割后人字码晾晒,及时翻码,水分降至16.50%～17.00%时码成小垛,防止降雨水分回升。对于含水量较高的水稻种子(16.00%～17.00%)应在日平均气温稳定降至-10℃以前结束脱谷、加工等工作及时进库。
Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Reclamation Rice Institute of Rice original, seed no drying equipment before 2003, mainly by artificial harvesting, natural drying methods for harvesting, storage warehouse for the brick structure of the Treasury. Under the premise of 2002 and 2003, the rice seed harvesting, processing and storage process, the seed moisture content, germination rate and temperature were investigated and analyzed. The results show that: rely on natural dry rice seed water is difficult to fall to the national standard of 14.5 %, Under the condition that the storage condition is that the average storage below the daily average temperature of -10 ° C can be guaranteed, the water content of rice seeds can be safely overwintered below 16.00%; the water content of rice seeds is between 16.01% and 16.50% The number of national samples reaches the national standard when the percentage of the number of stored samples) is 85% ~ 90%; the seed moisture content of 16.51% ~ 17.00% safe winter guarantee rate of about 80%; rice seed moisture content of 17.00 % ~ 17.50% The guarantee rate of overwintering is only about 50%; the water content of rice seeds over 17.51% can not be safely wintering. Daily average -10 ℃ is the water temperature below 16.50% of the rice seed threshing, processing and other activities of the limit temperature. The germination rate of rice seeds decreased slightly 7 days after freezing, and the germination rate dropped significantly 15 days after the freezing. Therefore, the germination rate of rice seeds should be stable after 15 days of the annual minimum temperature test. In the process of rice seed production, in order to ensure the quality of seeds, we must carefully conduct field tests to ensure the purity, harvesting as much as possible by mechanical straight harvest plus mechanical drying. If there is no drying equipment, manual harvesting natural drying methods, adhere to the frost before harvesting, drying should pay attention to moisture changes, after harvesting the human code drying, timely transcoding, moisture reduced to 16.50% ~ 17.00% when the code into a small Duo, to prevent the precipitation of water rains. For the rice seeds with higher water content (16.00% ~ 17.00%), the threshing should be ended before the average daily temperature dropped to -10 ° C, and the processing should be carried out in time.