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戒毒制度的理念变迁与制度更迭,显示出宽缓化及去机构化等倾向。中国戒毒制度的理念与立法,也基于此呈现出与时俱进的态度。然而在制度实施的过程当中,受限于历史因素、戒毒机构设置以及行政权分配等影响,戒毒措施的运行呈现出与制度设计反转的现象,在实践中积累了较多的问题。戒毒应当归属于国家福利制度,福利的多元化导向应当在戒毒制度中予以体现。中国戒毒制度的走向,应当以社会化、去机构化以及宽缓化为主轴,以此发展出更加合理的戒毒制度以及相应的戒毒措施。
The changes in the concept of drug detoxification and institutional changes have shown a tendency of de-escalation and de-institutionalization. The concept and legislation of China’s drug rehabilitation system have also shown an attitude of advancing with the times. However, during the process of system implementation, due to the influence of historical factors, the establishment of drug rehabilitation agencies and the distribution of administrative power, the operation of drug treatment measures has shown a reversal of system design and accumulated more problems in practice. Drug rehabilitation should be vested in the state welfare system, and the diversified orientation of welfare should be reflected in the drug rehabilitation system. The trend toward detoxification in China should be centered on socialization, de-institutionalization and detente, in order to develop a more rational detoxification system and corresponding measures for detoxification.