前言 70年代初以来,印度尼西亚的制造业取得了引人注目的发展。这种发展产生于对石油与天然气收入的合理支用,从而导致该国生产能力的提高。此外,那种使面向国内市场的工业免受国际竞争威胁的保护贸易制已吸引了国内外的工业投资。然而,这种“来得容易的”工业发展很快就停止了,因为1982年石油价格的暴跌导致国际收支出现问题。为了对付石油价格的暴 Preface Since the early 1970s, Indonesian manufacturing has achieved remarkable growth. This development stems from the rational spending on oil and gas revenues, leading to an increase in the country’s production capacity. In addition, the protectionist trade system that keeps the domestic-oriented industries from being threatened by international competition has attracted industrial investment both at home and abroad. However, this “easy” industrial development soon ceased, as the collapse of oil prices in 1982 caused problems in the balance of payments. In order to deal with the oil price of the storm