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辛亥革命最大的功绩就是迫使清帝退位,清朝近300年的专制统治、乃至中国两千年的封建专制统治覆亡。然而,清帝退位又与袁世凯当上民国大总统、复辟帝制紧密相连。无独有偶,早于袁世凯复辟帝制50年的、大名鼎鼎的路易·波拿巴,在19世纪中叶法国大革命中,将法国资产阶级一巴掌打下了台,改法兰西第二共和国为法兰西第二帝国,自己当上了皇帝,称拿破仑三世。袁世凯和路易.波拿巴两人,一个当了“中华帝国”的皇帝,一个当上了法兰西帝国皇帝,但两人结局不同,两国此后走的路径也不同。这种现象很值得学界认真研究。本文通过对袁世凯和路易·波拿巴两个帝制复辟的现象进行比评,试图寻找历史留给我们的启示。
The greatest achievement of the 1911 Revolution was to force the Qing Emperor to abdicate, the Qing Dynasty nearly three hundred years of autocratic rule, and even two thousand years of Chinese feudal autocratic rule. However, the abdication of the Qing emperor was closely linked with Yuan Shikai’s appointment as the president of the Republic of China and the restoration of the monarchy. Coincidentally, as early as Yuan Shih-Kai’s restoration of the monarchy for 50 years, the famous Louis Bonaparte, in the mid-19th-century French Revolution, slapped the French bourgeoisie on the stage, and changed France’s Second Republic to the Second French Empire. On the emperor, said Napoleon III. Yuan Shih-kai and Louis Bonaparte, two emperor of the “Chinese Empire”, and one of the emperor of the French Empire, but the two ended differently and the paths followed were different. This phenomenon is worth studying seriously. This article attempts to find the revelation left by history through the comparison of the two monarchical restoration of Yuan Shikai and Louis Bonaparte.