论文部分内容阅读
一、重点单词
1. diet
【考纲释义】n. 日常饮食；事物
【备考实例】 She had stomach trouble and had to follow _______.
A. strict food B. a strict food
C. strict diet D. a strict diet
【考点解析】句意“她有肠胃毛病不得不遵守严格的饮食。”答案为D。food是一般用法，凡是能吃的具有营养的东西都可称为food，diet指的是习惯吃的物品或规定的食物，特指维持健康的定量的食物，如病人的疗养饮食等。
【知识拓展】 be on a diet在节食 go on a diet 节食，吃限定食物
2. energy
【考纲释义】n. 活力；精力；能；能源
【备考实例】 Many countries are increasing their use of natural gas, wind and other forms of _______.
A. energy B. strength
C. power D. force
【考点解析】句意“很多国家增加了对天然气、风能和其它能源的使用。”energy指能源，也可指物理学上的能的概念或生理上的精力；force着重力产生的实际效果； power着重行动所根据的职权或能力，还指人开发出来的动力，如power station（发电站）；strength指人或物所固有的体力，强度或力量。答案为A。
3. balance
【考纲释义】 n.平衡；均衡；天平；秤；收支差额；余额 vt. 使平衡；保持……的平衡
【备考实例】 Mr. Jones has 2,000 dollarsin the bank. If he draws 1,600 dollars, the ______ will be 400.
A. total B. balance
C. sum D. measure
【考点解析】句意“琼斯先生银行存有2,000元。如果他取出1,600元，余额是400元。”答案为B，考查名词词义辨析。Total意为“总数，总额”，sum意为“总数，全部”，measure意为“措施,办法,量度,尺寸”。
【知识拓展】 keep the balance保持平衡in the balance（命运）未定，在危急中；不确定 off balance不稳on balance总的来说
4. fit
【考纲释义】 adj. 健康的； 适合的 vt. 适合
【备考实例】 1. The doctor said it would be months after the operation before he _______ work.
A. was fit for B. fitted for
C. couldn’t fit D. fit to
2. Mother, I don’t think the blouse _______ me well. It’s a bit too tight.
A. fits B. suits
C. matches D. meets
【考点解析】例1句意“医生说手术后要过几个月他才适合工作。”答案为A，be fit for“适合于……”；例2句意“妈妈，我认为这件衣服不合身，它太紧了。”答案为A，fit多指衣服的大小或尺寸合适；而suit多指发式或衣服的款式跟使用的人的年龄、地位、职业、性别等相配或相称。
【知识拓展】 be fit for 适合于…… be fit to do 适合做……keep fit保持健康 fit sb（大小、尺寸等）适合某人
5. honour
【考纲释义】 n. 尊敬；荣誉vt. 尊敬；给以荣誉
【备考实例】 The government has held a ceremony _______ those killed in battle.
A. in honour of B. instead of C. in favour of D. by means of
【考点解析】句意“为了向战死沙场的人表示敬意，政府举行了一次仪式。”答案为A，in hounour of意为“为了纪念；向……表示敬意”，为了招待，为了欢迎，为了祝贺。
【知识拓展】do honour to sb 对某人表示敬意 show honour to sb 向某人表示敬意for the honour of为了……的荣誉 win honour for… 为……争光 be / feel honoured to do sth. 做某事感到荣幸
6. purpose
【考纲释义】n. 目的；意图
【备考实例】 The _______ of the book is to provide a complete guide to the university.
A. advantage B. challenge C. purpose D. title
【考点解析】句意“这本书的目的是提供完备的大学手册。”答案为C，purpose意为“目的，意图”，advantage意为“优点；优势”，challenge意为“挑战”， title意为“标题”。
【知识拓展】on purpose故意地to the purpose 得要领的；中肯的；合适的 with the purpose of doing sth.为了某事；目的在于做某事
7. similar
【考纲释义】adj. 相似的；类似的
【备考实例】
—Does Jones have brown hair?
—Yes, in fact it’s quite similar in shape
_______ yours.
A. as B. with C. to D. like
【考点解析】句意“——琼斯长着金发吗？——是的，事实上在形状上和你的非常相似。”答案为C，be similar to 与……相似。
【知识拓展】 be similar in在……方面相似
8. respect
【考纲释义】n. & vt. 尊重；敬重
【备考实例】She has always been honest with me, and I _______ her for that.
A. regard B. respect C. respond D. celebrate
【考点解析】句意“她一直诚实对我，我因此对她敬重。”答案为B。regard意为“看作，认为”，respond意为“回应，答复”，celebrate意为“庆祝”。
二、重点短语
1. keep up with跟上；保持联系
Tom has to work hard to keep up with his classmates.汤姆必须刻苦学习才能跟上同学们。
Do you still keep up with your first teacher? 你还与你的启蒙老师保持联系吗？
【知识拓展】 catch up with 赶上 end up with 以……结束 put up with容忍
2. go for对……适用；想得到
What he said about you goes for me too.他关于你的一席话对我也适用。
She thinks it’s expensive, and that goes for me, too. 她认为这很贵，我也有同感。
He is going for a job.他正在求职。
【知识拓展】 go against违背；不利于 go after 追求 go by （时间）流逝 go over 复习，检查go through通过，经历
3. lose weight减肥
Now more and more girls hope to lose weight and become slim. 现在越来越多的女孩希望减肥变得苗条。
I think she might have lost a bit of weight.我想她体重可能减轻了一些。
【知识拓展】by weight按重量计算 gain weight增加体重give weight to重视；加强……；为……提出强有力的证据 lay weight on sth.强调; 认为……具有特殊意义put on weight体重增加；发胖 under the weight of在……重压下, 迫于……
4. dress up 穿上盛装；打扮；装饰
You don’t need to dress up for this dinner. 你不必为这次宴会而打扮。
She was dressed up in her Sunday best.她身着节日盛装。
The little girl dressed herself up as an angel. 这小女孩把自己装扮成天使。
【知识拓展】 dress oneself sb. up把某人（自己）打扮起来；给某人（自己）穿衣服
dress up as 装扮成；打扮成
5. have… in common有……共同之处
They found they had a lot in common and got on well. 他们发现有很多共同之处，相处得很好。
Although they are twins, they have nothing in common. 虽然他们是双胞胎，却没有一点共同之处。
6. believe in信仰；信任
I don’t believe in the story. 我不相信这个故事。
We believe in him.我们信任他。
Do you believe in ghosts?你相信有鬼吗?
【知识拓展】believe in与believe
believe指相信某人所的话或某件事，可接名词、代词、从句等；believe in指信任某人的品质，或信仰某一宗教、真理等，后接名词或代词。
7. give away赠送；分发；泄露；
She gave away all her money to the poor. 她把钱都送给穷人了。
His accent gave him away as a northerner.他的口音让人听出他是北方人。
Do not give away my secret.不要泄露我的秘密。
【知识拓展】give back归还 give in递交；呈送：屈服give off放出；散发出give up投降：停止；放弃give out分发；用尽；公布
8. take in让……进入；接受；欺骗
The club took in a new member last week.俱乐部上星期又吸收了一名新会员。
The salesmen have taken in the old people and lamped them to buy their poor quality goods.那些售货员欺骗老年人，让他们购买劣质商品。
【知识拓展】take away 拿走 take back 收回 take down 记下来；拿下来take off 脱下（衣服等）；（飞机）起飞
三、重点句型
1. as引导定语从句
【课文原句】Our eating habits have changed, as has our way of life, and the fuel we need for our bodies is also different.
【经典考例】 _______ I explained on the phone, your request will be considered at the next meeting. （2005 浙江）
A. When B. After C. AsD. Since
【考点解析】答案为C。句意为“正如我在电话中所解释的，你的要求将在下次会议上考虑。”as单独引导定语从句时，先行词可以是一个词，也可以是一个句子或短语。例如：
She is late, as is often the case. 她迟到了，这是经常的事。（先行词是整个主句）
To shut your eyes to facts, as many of you do, is foolish. 对事实视而不见，你们好多人都是如此愚蠢。（先行词是不定式短语）
2. only+状语引起的倒装
【课文原句】 Only in that way will we be ready for the challenges and opportunities in life.
【经典考例】 Only then _______ how much damage had been caused. （2006陕西）
A. she realized B. she had realized
C. had she realized D. did she realize
【考点解析】答案为D。Only引导的介词短语或状语置于句首时，句子需要部分倒装，即将助动词或情态动词等置于主语之前。
3. even if引导让步状语从句
【课文原句】 Even if we choose nutritious food for our main meals, we probably still need to refuel now and then.
【经典考例】 Allow children the space to voice their opinion, even if they are different from your own.（2005 湖南）
A. until B. even if
C. unless D. as though
【考点解析】 答案为B。句意“给孩子们发表他们自己意见的机会，即使他们的与你的意见不同。”。even if表示“即使；尽管”，也可作even though，引导让步状语从句。
4. 先行词为way的定语从句
【课文原句】 Most fruits are naturally
sweet and we can eat them just the way they are — all we have to do is clean and peel them.
【经典考例】What surprised me most was not what he said but _______ he said it. （2004湖北）
A. the wayB. in the way that
C. in the way D. the way which
【考点解析】答案为A。句意“使我感到惊讶的不是他所说的话，而是他说这些话的方式。”way表方式时，后接定语从句，常用in which或that来引导，也可省略掉引导词。
5. as well as结构
【课文原句】 The festivals were a way to celebrate history and culture, as well as New Year.
【经典考例】 1. Email, as well as telephones _______ an important part in daily communication. （1999上海）
A. is playing B. have played
C. are playing D. play
2. John plays football ________, if not better than, David. （NMET 1994）
A. as well B. as well as
C. so well D. so well
【考点解析】 例1答案为A。句意为“电子邮件以及电话在日常交流中扮演重要的角色。”as well as作为固定短语常用来连接两个并列的成分，作“以及”解。相当于not only… but also，但强调的是前者，后者只是顺便提及，因此连接并列主语时，谓语动词与前者一致。例2答案为B。句意“如果约翰足球踢得不比大卫更好，也至少一样好。”这句的as well as不是固定短语，其中三个词各有自己的意义和语法功能，第一个as是副词，意为“这样”，well也是副词，意为“好”。第二个as是连词，意为“像”，引导一个状语从句，表示同级比较。
1. diet
【考纲释义】n. 日常饮食；事物
【备考实例】 She had stomach trouble and had to follow _______.
A. strict food B. a strict food
C. strict diet D. a strict diet
【考点解析】句意“她有肠胃毛病不得不遵守严格的饮食。”答案为D。food是一般用法，凡是能吃的具有营养的东西都可称为food，diet指的是习惯吃的物品或规定的食物，特指维持健康的定量的食物，如病人的疗养饮食等。
【知识拓展】 be on a diet在节食 go on a diet 节食，吃限定食物
2. energy
【考纲释义】n. 活力；精力；能；能源
【备考实例】 Many countries are increasing their use of natural gas, wind and other forms of _______.
A. energy B. strength
C. power D. force
【考点解析】句意“很多国家增加了对天然气、风能和其它能源的使用。”energy指能源，也可指物理学上的能的概念或生理上的精力；force着重力产生的实际效果； power着重行动所根据的职权或能力，还指人开发出来的动力，如power station（发电站）；strength指人或物所固有的体力，强度或力量。答案为A。
3. balance
【考纲释义】 n.平衡；均衡；天平；秤；收支差额；余额 vt. 使平衡；保持……的平衡
【备考实例】 Mr. Jones has 2,000 dollarsin the bank. If he draws 1,600 dollars, the ______ will be 400.
A. total B. balance
C. sum D. measure
【考点解析】句意“琼斯先生银行存有2,000元。如果他取出1,600元，余额是400元。”答案为B，考查名词词义辨析。Total意为“总数，总额”，sum意为“总数，全部”，measure意为“措施,办法,量度,尺寸”。
【知识拓展】 keep the balance保持平衡in the balance（命运）未定，在危急中；不确定 off balance不稳on balance总的来说
4. fit
【考纲释义】 adj. 健康的； 适合的 vt. 适合
【备考实例】 1. The doctor said it would be months after the operation before he _______ work.
A. was fit for B. fitted for
C. couldn’t fit D. fit to
2. Mother, I don’t think the blouse _______ me well. It’s a bit too tight.
A. fits B. suits
C. matches D. meets
【考点解析】例1句意“医生说手术后要过几个月他才适合工作。”答案为A，be fit for“适合于……”；例2句意“妈妈，我认为这件衣服不合身，它太紧了。”答案为A，fit多指衣服的大小或尺寸合适；而suit多指发式或衣服的款式跟使用的人的年龄、地位、职业、性别等相配或相称。
【知识拓展】 be fit for 适合于…… be fit to do 适合做……keep fit保持健康 fit sb（大小、尺寸等）适合某人
5. honour
【考纲释义】 n. 尊敬；荣誉vt. 尊敬；给以荣誉
【备考实例】 The government has held a ceremony _______ those killed in battle.
A. in honour of B. instead of C. in favour of D. by means of
【考点解析】句意“为了向战死沙场的人表示敬意，政府举行了一次仪式。”答案为A，in hounour of意为“为了纪念；向……表示敬意”，为了招待，为了欢迎，为了祝贺。
【知识拓展】do honour to sb 对某人表示敬意 show honour to sb 向某人表示敬意for the honour of为了……的荣誉 win honour for… 为……争光 be / feel honoured to do sth. 做某事感到荣幸
6. purpose
【考纲释义】n. 目的；意图
【备考实例】 The _______ of the book is to provide a complete guide to the university.
A. advantage B. challenge C. purpose D. title
【考点解析】句意“这本书的目的是提供完备的大学手册。”答案为C，purpose意为“目的，意图”，advantage意为“优点；优势”，challenge意为“挑战”， title意为“标题”。
【知识拓展】on purpose故意地to the purpose 得要领的；中肯的；合适的 with the purpose of doing sth.为了某事；目的在于做某事
7. similar
【考纲释义】adj. 相似的；类似的
【备考实例】
—Does Jones have brown hair?
—Yes, in fact it’s quite similar in shape
_______ yours.
A. as B. with C. to D. like
【考点解析】句意“——琼斯长着金发吗？——是的，事实上在形状上和你的非常相似。”答案为C，be similar to 与……相似。
【知识拓展】 be similar in在……方面相似
8. respect
【考纲释义】n. & vt. 尊重；敬重
【备考实例】She has always been honest with me, and I _______ her for that.
A. regard B. respect C. respond D. celebrate
【考点解析】句意“她一直诚实对我，我因此对她敬重。”答案为B。regard意为“看作，认为”，respond意为“回应，答复”，celebrate意为“庆祝”。
二、重点短语
1. keep up with跟上；保持联系
Tom has to work hard to keep up with his classmates.汤姆必须刻苦学习才能跟上同学们。
Do you still keep up with your first teacher? 你还与你的启蒙老师保持联系吗？
【知识拓展】 catch up with 赶上 end up with 以……结束 put up with容忍
2. go for对……适用；想得到
What he said about you goes for me too.他关于你的一席话对我也适用。
She thinks it’s expensive, and that goes for me, too. 她认为这很贵，我也有同感。
He is going for a job.他正在求职。
【知识拓展】 go against违背；不利于 go after 追求 go by （时间）流逝 go over 复习，检查go through通过，经历
3. lose weight减肥
Now more and more girls hope to lose weight and become slim. 现在越来越多的女孩希望减肥变得苗条。
I think she might have lost a bit of weight.我想她体重可能减轻了一些。
【知识拓展】by weight按重量计算 gain weight增加体重give weight to重视；加强……；为……提出强有力的证据 lay weight on sth.强调; 认为……具有特殊意义put on weight体重增加；发胖 under the weight of在……重压下, 迫于……
4. dress up 穿上盛装；打扮；装饰
You don’t need to dress up for this dinner. 你不必为这次宴会而打扮。
She was dressed up in her Sunday best.她身着节日盛装。
The little girl dressed herself up as an angel. 这小女孩把自己装扮成天使。
【知识拓展】 dress oneself sb. up把某人（自己）打扮起来；给某人（自己）穿衣服
dress up as 装扮成；打扮成
5. have… in common有……共同之处
They found they had a lot in common and got on well. 他们发现有很多共同之处，相处得很好。
Although they are twins, they have nothing in common. 虽然他们是双胞胎，却没有一点共同之处。
6. believe in信仰；信任
I don’t believe in the story. 我不相信这个故事。
We believe in him.我们信任他。
Do you believe in ghosts?你相信有鬼吗?
【知识拓展】believe in与believe
believe指相信某人所的话或某件事，可接名词、代词、从句等；believe in指信任某人的品质，或信仰某一宗教、真理等，后接名词或代词。
7. give away赠送；分发；泄露；
She gave away all her money to the poor. 她把钱都送给穷人了。
His accent gave him away as a northerner.他的口音让人听出他是北方人。
Do not give away my secret.不要泄露我的秘密。
【知识拓展】give back归还 give in递交；呈送：屈服give off放出；散发出give up投降：停止；放弃give out分发；用尽；公布
8. take in让……进入；接受；欺骗
The club took in a new member last week.俱乐部上星期又吸收了一名新会员。
The salesmen have taken in the old people and lamped them to buy their poor quality goods.那些售货员欺骗老年人，让他们购买劣质商品。
【知识拓展】take away 拿走 take back 收回 take down 记下来；拿下来take off 脱下（衣服等）；（飞机）起飞
三、重点句型
1. as引导定语从句
【课文原句】Our eating habits have changed, as has our way of life, and the fuel we need for our bodies is also different.
【经典考例】 _______ I explained on the phone, your request will be considered at the next meeting. （2005 浙江）
A. When B. After C. AsD. Since
【考点解析】答案为C。句意为“正如我在电话中所解释的，你的要求将在下次会议上考虑。”as单独引导定语从句时，先行词可以是一个词，也可以是一个句子或短语。例如：
She is late, as is often the case. 她迟到了，这是经常的事。（先行词是整个主句）
To shut your eyes to facts, as many of you do, is foolish. 对事实视而不见，你们好多人都是如此愚蠢。（先行词是不定式短语）
2. only+状语引起的倒装
【课文原句】 Only in that way will we be ready for the challenges and opportunities in life.
【经典考例】 Only then _______ how much damage had been caused. （2006陕西）
A. she realized B. she had realized
C. had she realized D. did she realize
【考点解析】答案为D。Only引导的介词短语或状语置于句首时，句子需要部分倒装，即将助动词或情态动词等置于主语之前。
3. even if引导让步状语从句
【课文原句】 Even if we choose nutritious food for our main meals, we probably still need to refuel now and then.
【经典考例】 Allow children the space to voice their opinion, even if they are different from your own.（2005 湖南）
A. until B. even if
C. unless D. as though
【考点解析】 答案为B。句意“给孩子们发表他们自己意见的机会，即使他们的与你的意见不同。”。even if表示“即使；尽管”，也可作even though，引导让步状语从句。
4. 先行词为way的定语从句
【课文原句】 Most fruits are naturally
sweet and we can eat them just the way they are — all we have to do is clean and peel them.
【经典考例】What surprised me most was not what he said but _______ he said it. （2004湖北）
A. the wayB. in the way that
C. in the way D. the way which
【考点解析】答案为A。句意“使我感到惊讶的不是他所说的话，而是他说这些话的方式。”way表方式时，后接定语从句，常用in which或that来引导，也可省略掉引导词。
5. as well as结构
【课文原句】 The festivals were a way to celebrate history and culture, as well as New Year.
【经典考例】 1. Email, as well as telephones _______ an important part in daily communication. （1999上海）
A. is playing B. have played
C. are playing D. play
2. John plays football ________, if not better than, David. （NMET 1994）
A. as well B. as well as
C. so well D. so well
【考点解析】 例1答案为A。句意为“电子邮件以及电话在日常交流中扮演重要的角色。”as well as作为固定短语常用来连接两个并列的成分，作“以及”解。相当于not only… but also，但强调的是前者，后者只是顺便提及，因此连接并列主语时，谓语动词与前者一致。例2答案为B。句意“如果约翰足球踢得不比大卫更好，也至少一样好。”这句的as well as不是固定短语，其中三个词各有自己的意义和语法功能，第一个as是副词，意为“这样”，well也是副词，意为“好”。第二个as是连词，意为“像”，引导一个状语从句，表示同级比较。