分权是全球公共部门改革中最常见的一种现象。尽管分权已经受到很多关注,但是我们所掌握的有关分权的系统化的实践知识还比较有限,分权改革也经常无法达到预期目标。停止分权甚至再集权的提法也在政策辩论和实践领域开始浮现。本文将简要重述分权改革的预期目标,概括我们对分权执行状况的了解,并强调分权改革的推动因素和阻碍因素。本文还将讨论分权改革在认知、分析、设计和执行过程中所面临的不足和挑战。分权改革比人们传统上所认知的更为多元和复杂,对于特定国家的改革,需要更加细致的分析和策略性的行动,以达到更有效率、可持续的分权。 Decentralization is the most common phenomenon in the global public sector reform. Although decentralization has received much attention, the systematic practical knowledge about decentralization that we have is still relatively limited. Decentralized reforms often fail to achieve their desired goals. The formulation of cessation of decentralization and even recapitalization also began to emerge in the policy debate and practice areas. This article will briefly recapitulate the expected goals of the decentralized reform, summarize our understanding of the status of the decentralized implementation, and emphasize the driving factors and obstacles to the decentralization reform. This article will also discuss the deficiencies and challenges that decentralization reforms face in the process of cognition, analysis, design and implementation. Decentralized reforms are more diverse and complex than people have traditionally recognized, and for country-specific reforms, more detailed analyzes and strategic actions are needed to achieve more efficient and sustainable decentralization.