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一、筛查的概念:筛查(screening)是疾病预防的重要手段之一。1951年美国慢性病委员会对筛查提出了如下定义:“通过快速的检验、检查或其它措施,将可能有病但表面上健康的人,同那些可能无病的人区分开来。筛查检验不是诊断检验,仅是一种初步俭查,对筛查检验阳性或可疑阳性者,必须进一步进行确诊,以便对确诊病人采取必要的治疗措施。” 筛查最初应用的领域是疾病的二级预防,即早期发现那些处于临床前期或临床初期的病人,以提高治愈率。在这方面应用最广、效果较好的疾病如:儿童青少年期肺结核、成年期高血压、糖尿病及肿瘤,特别是乳腺癌和宫颈癌。近年来筛查越来越多地应用于疾病的一级预防,即及时发现某些疾病的高危个体,以减缓发病。
First, the concept of screening: screening (screening) is one of the important means of disease prevention. The 1951 American Chronic Disease Commission defined the screening as follows: “Rapidly inspecting, examining or otherwise separating potentially sick but superficially healthy individuals from those likely to be disease-free.” Screening tests Not a diagnostic test, but an initial screening test, and those who are positive or suspicious of screening tests must be diagnosed further to take the necessary treatment for the patient diagnosed. "The first area of application of screening was disease level 2 Prevention, early detection of those who are in the preclinical or clinical early patients, in order to improve the cure rate. The most widely used and well-performing diseases in this regard are: childhood and adolescent tuberculosis, adult hypertension, diabetes and cancer, especially breast and cervical cancer. In recent years, screening is more and more applied to the primary prevention of diseases, that is, to find the high risk individuals of certain diseases in time to reduce the incidence.