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以汉字为实验材料,以学业优秀者和学业不良者为被试,探讨学习材料的结构化和非结构化性质对倒摄抑制产生的影响,以及两类学生学习两类材料时的倒摄抑制差异。并通过指导语,逐步揭示结构化材料中的规则,迫使被试采用有效的学习策略,来观察倒摄抑制的变化情况。结果表明:一、与非结构化材料相比,学习结构化材料表现出更好的记忆绩效,但未发现两者对倒摄抑制的不同影响;二、和学优者相比,学业不良者的记忆绩效较差,倒摄抑制值也较大;三、对材料规则的提示会促进学业不良学生的记忆绩效,降低倒摄抑制,但对学习优秀者的影响不大;四、一些汉字识别特征影响倒摄抑制,如当干扰项和目标项构形相同时,会降低倒摄抑制。
Taking Chinese characters as experimental material, students with academic excellence and poor students as subjects, this paper explores the effect of structured and unstructured nature of learning materials on the suppression of photo-taking and the photo-retarded suppression of the two types of materials difference. And through the guide language, gradually revealed the rules in structured materials, forcing participants to adopt effective learning strategies to observe the changes in the inhibition of the shots. The results show that: 1, compared with unstructured materials, learning structured materials showed better memory performance, but did not find the different effects of the two on inverted suppression; 2, compared with gifted students, poor students Of the memory performance is poor, the inverted photo suppression value is greater; Third, the rules of the material will promote the performance of poor students in memory performance, reduce the negative inhibition, but little effect on the study of outstanding people; Fourth, some Chinese character recognition The feature affects the suppression of the inversion, and suppresses the suppression of the inversion when the interference term is the same as the shape of the target item.