目的探讨二维超声评估乳腺癌新辅助化疗后临床和病理特征变化的作用。方法选取95例乳腺癌患者,给予环磷酰胺、表柔比星+多西他赛(CAT)化疗方案,评估二维成像在评估化疗前、后患者临床和病理缓解的作用,并根据患者化疗后的病理检查结果分为反应显著的观察组和非反应显著的对照组。结果以临床评价为金标准,二维超声的诊断灵敏度、特异度和准确性分别为80.95%、71.43%和77.14%;观察组化疗后二维超声征象包括轮廓不规则、与周围组织界限不清、内部高回声的可见率明显高于化疗前(P<0.05),但化疗后的肿瘤周边回声和后部回声变化率为48.39%和42.42%,与化疗前比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);对照组化疗后二维征象轮廓不规则和与周围界限不清的变化率为78.79%和69.69%,与化疗前比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而化疗前后的肿瘤内部高回声、肿瘤后部回声等征象变化率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论二维超声可直观观察乳腺癌患者化疗前后肿物的内部形态、与周边乳腺组织的关系和肿物内部细微结构变化,是评估新辅助化疗后疗效的重要手段。 Objective To investigate the effect of two-dimensional ultrasound on the clinical and pathological features of breast cancer after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Methods Ninety-five patients with breast cancer were selected and given cyclophosphamide, epirubicin and docetaxel (CAT) chemotherapy regimens to assess the effect of two-dimensional imaging on the clinical and pathological remissions of patients before and after chemotherapy, and based on the chemotherapy of patients. Post-pathological examination results were divided into observation groups with significant response and non-responsive control groups. Results The clinical evaluation was the gold standard. The diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of two-dimensional ultrasound were 80.95%, 71.43%, and 77.14%, respectively. The two-dimensional ultrasound signs after treatment in the observation group included irregular contours and unclear boundaries with surrounding tissues. The visual rate of internal high echo was significantly higher than before chemotherapy (P<0.05), but the rate of peripheral echo and posterior echo of the tumor after chemotherapy was 48.39% and 42.42%, which was not statistically different from that before chemotherapy (P> 0.05); The rate of irregular contour and unclear boundary of the two-dimensional signs after chemotherapy in the control group was 78.79% and 69.69%, which was significantly different from that before chemotherapy (P<0.05), but before and after chemotherapy There was no significant difference in the rate of change in signs of hyperechoic and post-tumor echo (P>0.05); there was a statistically significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusion Two-dimensional ultrasound can be used to visually observe the internal morphology of breast cancer patients before and after chemotherapy, the relationship with the surrounding breast tissue and the changes in the internal fine structure of the tumor. It is an important means for evaluating the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy.