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肾小球系膜细胞作为肾脏内最为活跃的细胞，参与并维持肾脏的多种功能。因多种肾脏疾病的发生发展都与系膜细胞息息相关，这也使其成为近年研究的热点。以下将从系膜细胞在肾小球毛细血管形成中的作用，系膜细胞与系膜基质的关系，系膜细胞与肾小球基底膜的相互作用等方面描述系膜细胞的相关功能，同时还会介绍部分系膜细胞相关的信号通路，进一步阐述系膜细胞在肾小球中的重要作用。“,”Glomerular mesangial cells, as the most active cells in the kidney, participate in and maintain multiple functions of the kidney.Mesangial cells are closely related due to the occurrence and development of various kidney diseases, which has also made it a hot topic in recent years.This article will describe the related functions of mesangial cells from the role of mesangial cells in the formation of glomerular capillaries, the relationship between mesangial cells and mesangial matrix, and the interaction between mesangial cells and mesangial basement membrane.At the same time, some signal pathways of related membrane cells will be introduced, and the important role of mesangial cells in the living body will be further explained.