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成人“理解力强、记忆力差”,已为多数人肯定。关于成人的记忆能力探讨得比较多,而对成人的理解能力却关注得不够。所谓理解力,指的是对知识的领会能力。领会是学员通过语言去掌握前人经验时所发生的一种心理现象,是掌握前人经验过程中的一个认识阶段。它表现为通过一系列的认识活动,去弄懂语言的含义,了解词所标志的事物的情形、性质,从而在头脑中完成由不知到知,由不懂到懂的转化。学员对各种知识的理解不是立刻就实现的。它需要经过一定的发展过程,要经历一个由感性到理性,由模糊到清晰,由特殊到一般和再由一般到特殊的过程,是知识的不断深化的过程。
Adults “strong understanding, poor memory,” has been affirmed by the majority. More about adult memory, but not enough understanding of adult ability. The so-called understanding, refers to the ability to understand the knowledge. To comprehend is a psychological phenomenon that occurs when a trainee grasps the experience of predecessors through language and is a cognitive stage in mastering the experience of the predecessors. It is manifested through a series of cognitive activities, to understand the meaning of language, to understand the words of the things marked by the nature of the situation, so as to complete in the mind from ignorant to know, do not understand to understand the transformation. The student’s understanding of various kinds of knowledge is not achieved immediately. It needs to undergo a certain process of development. It is a process of deepening knowledge through a process from perceptual to rational, from vague to clear, from the special to the general and from the general to the special.