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中国政府公务人员的工资水平是如何决定的?哪些因素决定了它们的地区差异?尽管这些问题对于我们理解中国政府至关重要,却未得到系统研究。本文试图填补这一空白。我们认为,公务人员工资的地区差异主要受到政治因素与经济因素的影响:前者主要包括中央计划与政策规制和政府间财政关系;后者主要指各地区差异巨大的“经济基本面”。在梳理了建国以来我国工资政策发展之后,本文利用1997年至2008年的省级面板数据进行了实证分析。研究发现:人均GDP、商品房价格以及中央调整工资政策会抬高公务人员工资水平;财政转移支付、地方自主收入与各省工资水平显著正相关,两者的解释力度最大且大致相当;各省的公务人员规模则与其工资水平显著负相关。此外,各地区工资水平具有强烈且显著的“路径依赖”。
How are the salaries of civil servants in the Chinese government determined? What factors determine their regional differences? Although these issues are of crucial importance for us to understand the Chinese government, we have not been systematically studied. This article attempts to fill this gap. In our opinion, the regional differences in the salaries of civil servants are mainly affected by political factors and economic factors: the former mainly includes the central plan and policy regulations and the intergovernmental fiscal relations; the latter mainly refers to the “economic fundamentals” with huge differences across regions. After combing the development of the wage policy in our country since the founding of the People’s Republic of China, this paper uses the provincial panel data from 1997 to 2008 to make an empirical analysis. The study found that per capita GDP, commercial housing prices and the central government’s wage adjustment policy will raise the wages of civil servants; financial transfer payments, local autonomous income and provincial wage levels were significantly and positively correlated, both the interpretation of the intensity and roughly the same; provincial civil servants The scale is significantly negatively correlated with the wage level. In addition, the wage levels in various regions have a strong and significant “path dependence”.