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可再生能源配额和可交易绿色证书制度作为一种基于市场机制的新能源扶持政策,得到越来越多的关注。该政策的引入会对电力批发市场的竞争产生重要影响,特别是绿色证书交易市场与电力批发交易市场之间存在复杂的相互影响关系。为了定量研究该影响关系,采用寡头竞争均衡理论,建立了一个考虑绿色证书交易市场和电力批发交易市场的两阶段联合均衡模型。在第1阶段,可再生能源发电商以供应函数模式参与证书市场竞争;在第2阶段,所有发电商以古诺模式参与批发市场竞争。该模型描述的均衡问题可以表示为一个具有均衡约束的均衡问题,可采用非线性互补方法来求解。最后,算例仿真重点研究不同配额要求下发电商在两个市场中的策略性行为及相互影响关系,表明在不同的配额要求下,可再生能源发电商会选择在不同市场中行使市场力,并导致电力批发市场价格与绿色证书市场价格上升。
The renewable energy quota and tradable green certification system has received more and more attention as a new energy support policy based on the market mechanism. The introduction of this policy will have an important impact on the competition in the electricity wholesale market, especially the complex interaction between the green certificate trading market and the electricity wholesale trading market. In order to quantitatively study the impact relationship, a two-stage joint equilibrium model considering the green certificate trading market and the electricity wholesale trading market was established using the oligopolistic equilibrium theory. In the first stage, renewable energy generators participate in the certification market competition with the supply function model; in the second stage, all the generation companies participate in the wholesale market competition with the Cournot model. The equilibrium problem described by this model can be expressed as an equilibrium problem with equilibrium constraints, which can be solved by the nonlinear complementarity method. Finally, the example simulation focuses on the strategic behaviors and interactions of generation companies in the two markets under different quota requirements, indicating that under different quota requirements, renewable energy generators will choose to exercise market power in different markets, and This led to an increase in the prices of electricity wholesale markets and the market price of green certificates.