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目的:探讨无症状颈动脉狭窄(ACS)对认知功能的影响，分析P300潜伏期与认知障碍的相关性。方法:前瞻性研究。纳入2018年10月—2020年1月蚌埠市第三人民医院神经内科120例ACS患者为狭窄组，选择年龄与之相匹配的同期正常体检者50例为对照组。对比两组受试者年龄、性别、受教育年限，吸烟史、饮酒史以及高血压、糖尿病、冠心病病史等临床基线资料；测定受试者P300潜伏期，应用蒙特利尔认知评估量表(MoCA)评估患者认知功能，比较两组MoCA评分、P300潜伏期、认知障碍人数，评估P300潜伏期与MoCA评分的相关性；按颈动脉内径缩小程度将ACS患者分为轻度狭窄组(缩小0.05)。狭窄组与对照组MoCA评分分别为(25.78±2.66)分和(27.64±1.35)分，P300潜伏期分别为(338.88±53.49)ms和(293.22±11.40)ms，两组比较差异均有统计学意义(n t＝-5.069、8.878, n P值均<0.01)。符合认识障碍诊断标准者在对照组中占2%(1/50)、狭窄组中占25%(30/120)，组间比较差异有统计学意义(χn 2＝12.552, n P<0.01)。随着颈内动脉狭窄程度的加重，MoCA评分降低、P300潜伏期延长、认知障碍人数增加，狭窄组与对照组比较，以及狭窄组内轻、中、重度狭窄程度亚组间比较，差异均有统计意义(n P值均<0.05)。相关分析显示，P300潜伏期与MoCA评分呈负相关(n r＝-0.862, n P<0.01)。n 结论:ACS患者常存在认知障碍，且狭窄程度与认知障碍下降有关。P300潜伏期与认知障碍存在相关性，其在评估认知障碍方面的作用值得进一步研究。“,”Objective:This study aims to investigate the effect of asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis (ACS) on cognitive function and analyze the correlation between P300 latency and cognitive impairment.Methods:In this prospective study, 120 patients with ACS admitted to the Department of Neurology of Bengbu Third People's Hospital from October 2018 to January 2020 were included in the stenosis group, and 50 patients that had normal physical examination results in the same period and matched their age were selected as the control group. The age, sex, education level, smoking history, alcohol consumption history, and number of patients with hypertension, diabetes, and coronary heart disease were compared between the two groups. The subjects' P300 latency was measured, and their cognitive function was evaluated with the Montreal cognitive assessment scale(MoCA). MoCA scores, P300 latency, and the number of cognitive impairments were compared between the two groups to evaluate the correlation between P300 latency and MoCA scores. The stenosis group was further divided into mild stenosis group (reduced0.05). The MoCA scores of the stenosis and control groups were (25.78±2.66) points, and (27.64±1.35) points, respectively. The incubation periods of P300 in the stenosis and control groups were (338.88±53.49) ms and (293.22±11.40) ms, respectively. The differences between the two groups were statistically significant (n t=-5.069, 8.878; all n P values<0.01). The patients who met the diagnostic criteria of cognitive impairment accounted for 2% (1/50) in the control group and 25% (30/120) in the stenosis group, and these values significantly differed between the two groups (χn 2=12.552, n P<0.01). With the aggravation of the degree of internal carotid artery stenosis, the MoCA scores decreased, the P300 latency increased, and the number of cognitive impairments increased. The mild, moderate, and severe stenosis groups differed significantly (alln P values<0.05). Correlation analysis showed that P300 latency was negatively correlated with MoCA scores (n r=-0.862, n P<0.01).n Conclusions:Patients with ACS often have cognitive impairment, and the degree of stenosis is related to the decline of their cognitive impairment. P300 latency is associated with cognitive impairment, but its role in the assessment of cognitive impairment should be further studied.