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按照马克思的劳动价值理论,商品的价值量与社会劳动生产率成反比;作为价值的货币表现,价格(剔除币值变动)与劳动生产率作反向运动:随着人类的进步,劳动生产率不断提高,价格水平趋于下降。马克思的这一学说曾得到18、19世纪世界价格运动近两百年历史的验证,显示了其科学性。但是,进入二十世纪以来,科学技术突飞猛进,劳动生产率迅速增长,价格水平却没有出现预想的下降趋势,而是不断上升(见图一)。即使在坚决奉行马克思主义的社会
According to Marx's theory of labor value, the value of the commodity is inversely proportional to the social labor productivity; as a manifestation of the value of money, the price (excluding the change in the value of the currency) moves counter to labor productivity: as human progress progresses, labor productivity continues to rise, the price level Tends to decline. This theory of Marx has been verified by the nearly 200-year history of the world price movement in the 18th and 19th centuries, showing its scientific nature. However, since the beginning of the twentieth century, science and technology have been advancing by leaps and bounds, labor productivity has been rapidly increasing, and the price level has not shown the expected downward trend. Rather, it has been on the rise (see Figure 1). Even in a society that resolutely pursues Marxism