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从理论上讲,如果我们的膳食能做到“全面、均衡、适度”,例如一般每天吃5～6两主食,1杯牛奶,1个鸡蛋,3两肉,1～2两豆制品,1斤左右的蔬菜和水果,半两左右的植物油等,那么,每日所需的热量和营养素(包括各类维生素)不致缺乏,也就无需再靠其它方法补充。然而,实际情况并不那么理想,下述问题往往难以回避：
In theory, if our diet can be “comprehensive, balanced and moderate”, for example, generally eat 5 to 6 two staple foods per day, 1 cup of milk, 1 egg, 3 two meat, 1 to 2 two soy products, 1 About half a kilogram of vegetables and fruits, about half of the vegetable oil, then the daily calories and nutrients (including various types of vitamins) will not be lacking, there is no need to rely on other ways to add. However, the actual situation is not so satisfactory. The following problems are often difficult to avoid: