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“公民”由三个层面构成:个体层面关注个体的自由与权利,更多体现利益需求;社会层面关注群体生活的自愿性、多元性和共容性,体现认同需求;政治层面关注公权力与私权利间的平衡和基于这种平衡之上的权威维护,更多体现秩序需求。“公共”传统的相对缺乏、精英政治统治的政治文化、共和国建构过程的历史轨迹所造就的路径依赖、相关制度环境供给的滞后、全球化开放时代形成的复合风险社会,使得我国公民相对缺位。因此,公民的塑造理应成为国家建构的重点,形成国家—社会—个人的合力。其中,国家需承担制度的有效供给者和公民教化者的职责,社会承担社会网络建构者和公共道德底线维护者的职责,个人承担规则遵守者和公共道德实践者的职责。
“Citizen ” is composed of three levels: individuals concerned about the individual’s freedom and rights, more reflect the needs of interests; social level concerned about the voluntary, pluralistic and inclusive group life, reflecting the needs of recognition; The balance between power and private rights and the maintenance of authority based on this balance more reflect the needs of the order. The relative lack of tradition of “public”, the political culture of elite political rule, the path dependence created by the historic track of republic construction process, the lag of supply of relevant institutional environment, the compound risk society formed in the era of globalization and the relative citizenship of our country Missing position. Therefore, the shaping of citizens should be the focus of the nation’s construction and form a national-social-personal combination. Among them, the state should assume the responsibility of the effective supplier and civil servant of the system. The society should assume the responsibility of the social network constructor and the public morality maintainer, and the individual should assume the duties of the rule-observer and the public moral practitioner.