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帕金森病(PD)是仅次于阿尔茨海默病(AD)的第二大神经系统退行性疾病。α-共核蛋白在神经元内错误折叠或大量聚集形成嗜酸性包涵体,是PD主要的病理特征之一,分布于中枢神经系统以及外周自主神经系统中。近年多项临床研究证实,在PD患者体液(如脑脊液、血浆、唾液等)中α-共核蛋白存在特征性的变化。此外,α-共核蛋白的其他形式(如寡聚体、磷酸化形式等)联合AD病理蛋白(如tau蛋白、Aβ1-42蛋白等)对诊断PD可能具有更高的敏感度和准确度。因此,文中将体液中α-共核蛋白水平与PD的相关研究进行综述。
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second largest neurodegenerative disease after Alzheimer’s disease (AD). α-synuclein is misfolded or aggregated in large numbers to form eosinophilic inclusion bodies in neurons. It is one of the major pathological features of PD and is located in the central nervous system and peripheral autonomic nervous system. In recent years, a number of clinical studies have confirmed that PD patients with body fluids (such as cerebrospinal fluid, plasma, saliva, etc.) in the presence of α-synuclein characteristic changes. In addition, other forms of α-synuclein (such as oligomers, phosphorylated forms, etc.) combined with AD pathological proteins (such as tau protein, Aβ1-42 protein, etc.) may have higher sensitivity and accuracy for the diagnosis of PD. Therefore, the body fluid in α-synuclein levels and PD-related research are reviewed.