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满族国家的形成,传统的说法是根据极其有限的范例,认为是由氏族部落、部落联盟发展而来。西方学者在上个世纪六七十年代提出了被一些国内学者所接受的“酋邦”说,似乎看到并论述了宗族部族政权的存在,但“酋邦”说概括不了宗族部族政权的性质和形成的原因。笔者从历史史实和逻辑推理两个方面,论证了满族是在氏族部落解体后出现的重新分化、辗转迁徙和重新整合的过程中,形成了众多宗族部族的社会政治组织。在这些宗族部族政权的对抗与兼并的过程中,正是始终重视组成分权共治领导核心的努尔哈赤,通过统一战争和创建八旗组织的形式,完成了民族的统一和国家的建立。
The formation of the Manchu nation, the traditional version, is based on an extremely limited paradigm considered to be derived from tribal clan and tribal alliance. Western scholars proposed “chiefdom” accepted by some domestic scholars in the 1960s and 1970s as if they saw and discussed the existence of clan and tribal regimes, but the “chiefdom” theory could not sum up the nature of clan and tribal regimes And the formation of the reason. The author argues from the historical facts and logical reasoning that the Manchu formed social and political organizations with numerous clans and tribes in the process of redistribution, migration and reintegration after the clan tribe disintegrated. In the process of confrontation and annexation of these clan and tribal regimes, it is precisely because Nurhachu, who always forms the core of decentralization and power-governing, has always attached importance to the formation of the national unity through the war of nations and the establishment of the Eight Banners Organization.