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胃癌的发生是一个多步骤、多因素调控的过程。正常情况下，胃黏膜上皮细胞在细胞增殖与凋亡之间维持着一个动态平衡，一旦这种平衡被破坏，使胃黏膜上皮细胞过度增殖，且不能启动凋亡信号，则可能导致胃癌的发生、发展。在影响胃癌发病的危险因素中，遗传易患性成为目前研究的重点。许多基因存在基因多态性现象，不同类型的基因多态性与胃癌的发生、发展和易患性相关。“,”The occurrence of gastric cancer is a multi-step,multi-factor regulated process.Under normal circumstances,gastric mucosal epithelial cells maintain a balance between cell proliferation and apoptosis , once the balance is destroyed,the gastric epithelial cells excessively proliferate and apoptosis signal cannot be started,which may promote the occurrence,development of gastric carcinomas.Among the risk factors for gas-tric cancer,genetic susceptibility has become the focus of the present study.Many of the genes have polymor-phism,and different types of genetic polymorphisms are associated with the occurrence,development and sus-ceptibility of gastric cancer.