一、前言新疆石河子垦区,位于天山北麓,准噶尔盆地南缘,地处玛纳斯、沙湾两县境内。由于其特殊的地形和气候条件,成为解放后发展起来的特早熟新棉区,将全国植棉的北界推到了北纬45°附近。该区属典型的大陆性 I. Introduction Shihezi reclamation area in Xinjiang is located in the northern foot of Tianshan Mountains and the southern margin of Junggar Basin. It is located in Manasi and Shawan counties. Due to its special topography and climatic conditions, it became a special precocious new cotton area developed after liberation, pushing the northern border of cotton planting around the country at latitude 45 ° north. The area is typical of the mainland