任何组织除了经常性的业务管理外,大多存在项目管理。有的项目处于组织的最高层次,以项目管理为主;有的项目处于组织的较低层次,承担着某些比项目范围更大的职责,项目管理只是其中的部分管理。由于项目是一组由启止时间、相互协调、受控活动所组成的特定过程,它具有一次性、独 In addition to the regular business management of any organization, most of the project management exists. Some projects are at the highest level of the organization and are dominated by project management. Some projects are at the lower level of the organization and assume some more responsibilities than the project scope. Project management is only part of the management. As the project is a set of specific processes consisting of time-bound, coordinated and controlled activities, it has one-off, one-off