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目的 评价双氧青蒿素对大鼠放射性肺损伤的防治作用.方法 采用γ射线单次全肺照射15 Gy,建立SD大鼠放射性肺损伤模型.108只同体重雄性SD大鼠,随机分为三组:(1)正常对照组:灌服等体积溶媒;(2)单纯照射组:灌服等体积溶媒+全肺单次照射15 Gy;(3)照射用药组:灌服双氢青蒿素(60 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1))+全肺单次照射15 Gy.双氢青蒿素和溶媒皆于照前3 d开始灌服持续至照射后15 d.对各组大鼠的肺脏外观、肺组织中炎症渗出、胶原纤维生成状况、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)表达情况进行观察和比较.结果 照射用药组大鼠肺脏较单纯照射组肺表面光滑、弹性好、充血水肿表现轻.单纯照射组大鼠肺组织炎症渗出及纤维化征象最严重.照射后3、7、15d,照射用药组血清及肺组织TNF-α表达比单纯照射组表达减弱(P<0.05).结论 双氢青蒿素能够明显减轻大鼠放射性肺损伤.“,”Objective To investigate the ability of dihydroartemisinin to reduce the radiationinduced lung histopathological change in rats.Methods A tolal of 108 SD rats was randomly divided into 3 groups with 36 rats each.The radiation-induced the lung injury model in groups of R and DR was established by thoracic radiation of ~(60)Co γ in a dose of 15 Gy.The rats in group DR were treated with dihydroartemisinin in a dose of 60 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1) from the 3rd before to the 15th after radiation.The rats in group C were not treated with radiation and dihydroartemisinin as the controls.The histopathological changes of the lungs and the expression of tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α were observed.Results The changes of inflammation and fibrosis of the lungs in group DR were greater than those in group C,but less than those in group R.Expressions of TNF-α in plasma and the lungs were less in group DR than those in group R on the 3~(rd),7~(th) and.15~(th) day after radiation(P＜0.05).Conclusion Dihydroartemisinin may attenuate the radiation-induced lung injury.